The science behind the catalog.

3 papers

Retatrutide (LY3437943)

A novel triple agonist at GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. Recent landmark trials demonstrate substantial effects on body weight and glycemic control in humans.

• Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al.

  Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial.

  N Engl J Med · 2023 · 389(6):514–526

  PubMed PMID 37366315

• Rosenstock J, Frias J, Jastreboff AM, et al.

  Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA.

  Lancet · 2023 · 402(10401):529–544

  PubMed PMID 37385280

• Coskun T, Urva S, Roell WC, et al.

  LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.

  Cell Metab · 2022 · 34(9):1234–1247.e9

  PubMed PMID 35985340

2 papers

Tesamorelin

A stabilized GHRH analogue with extensive clinical literature, most notably in studies of visceral adipose tissue and lipid biology.

• Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, et al.

  Effects of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial.

  JAMA · 2014 · 312(4):380–389

  PubMed PMID 25038357

• Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K, et al.

  Effects of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in HIV-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: a pooled analysis of two multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 trials with safety extension data.

  J Clin Endocrinol Metab · 2010 · 95(9):4291–4304

  PubMed PMID 20554713

2 papers

MOTS-c

A mitochondrial-derived peptide implicated in metabolic homeostasis, AMPK signaling, and exercise-induced adaptations.

• Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al.

  The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.

  Cell Metab · 2015 · 21(3):443–454

  PubMed PMID 25738459

• Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al.

  MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis.

  Nat Commun · 2021 · 12(1):470

  PubMed PMID 33473109

2 papers

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide widely studied in dermal remodeling, collagen biology, and tissue repair research.

• Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A.

  GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration.

  BioMed Research International · 2015 · 2015:648108

  PubMed PMID 26236730

• Pickart L.

  The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.

  J Biomater Sci Polym Ed · 2008 · 19(8):969–988

  PubMed PMID 18644225

2 papers

KPV (α-MSH 11–13)

The C-terminal tripeptide fragment of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, studied for anti-inflammatory and mucosal repair properties.

• Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al.

  Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

  Inflamm Bowel Dis · 2008 · 14(3):324–331

  PubMed PMID 18092346

• Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, et al.

  PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.

  Gastroenterology · 2008 · 134(1):166–178

  PubMed PMID 18061177

2 papers

Semax (ACTH 4–7 analogue)

A heptapeptide analogue of ACTH(4-7) studied for nootropic and neurotrophic effects in the central nervous system.

• Dolotov OV, Karpenko EA, Inozemtseva LS, et al.

  Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4-10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain.

  J Neurochem · 2006 · 97(Suppl 1):82–86

  PubMed PMID 16635254

• Shadrina MI, Dolotov OV, Grivennikov IA, et al.

  Rapid induction of neurotrophin mRNAs in rat glial cell cultures by Semax, an adrenocorticotropic hormone analog.

  Neurosci Lett · 2001 · 308(2):115–118

  PubMed PMID 11457573

3 papers

BPC-157

A 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a protective protein in gastric juice. One of the most extensively studied peptides in pre-clinical tissue-repair and gastrointestinal research.

• Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al.

  Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract.

  Curr Pharm Des · 2011 · 17(16):1612–1632

  PubMed PMID 21548867

• Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, et al.

  The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.

  J Appl Physiol (1985) · 2011 · 110(3):774–780

  PubMed PMID 21030672

• Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al.

  Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.

  Curr Neuropharmacol · 2016 · 14(8):857–865

  PubMed PMID 27138887

3 papers

KLOW (multi-peptide blend)

KLOW is a research-only multi-peptide blend; no single peer-reviewed paper exists for the formulated combination. Below are key references for the individual peptide components.

• KPV

  Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al.

  Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

  Inflamm Bowel Dis · 2008 · 14(3):324–331

  PubMed PMID 18092346

• BPC-157

  Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al.

  Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract.

  Curr Pharm Des · 2011 · 17(16):1612–1632

  PubMed PMID 21548867

• GHK-Cu

  Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A.

  GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration.

  BioMed Research International · 2015 · 2015:648108

  PubMed PMID 26236730

2 papers

Ipamorelin

A selective growth-hormone secretagogue and ghrelin mimetic, studied for its pulsatile GH-releasing effect with minimal cortisol or prolactin response.

• Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al.

  Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue.

  Eur J Endocrinol · 1998 · 139(5):552–561

  PubMed PMID 9849822

• Sinha DK, Balasubramanian A, Tatem AJ, et al.

  Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males.

  Transl Androl Urol · 2020 · 9(Suppl 2):S149–S159

  PubMed PMID 32257855